ISSN: 2717-2244 BioAgrica is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances of peer-reviewed articles related to all aspects of Biology, and Agriculture.
The journal provides an immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research accessed freely online available to the public supports greater global exchange knowledge.
Considering the appropriate adaptability of different wild species of Pistachio in different arid and semi-arid environments of the country as well as its high values from the point of view of Resin and other chemical production, oil, and different pharmacological consumption of their seeds, finding their habitats in the different Provinces of Iran seems to be important. In this project, the basic information including topographic, soil, climate, geologic, and land use map of the area with a 1/50000 scale of the Markazi Province of Iran was first prepared and digitized. Then all the areas covered by wild Pistachio were visited, recorded, and digitized by GPS. To study the quality and quantity characteristics of the species, some samples were taken from 1600m2 in some important areas covered by wild Pistachio species according to different climatic conditions of the Province. The parameters, such as the number of trees in the samples, trees’ height, trees width, the time of flowering, the time of leaf appearance, the number of seeds, etc. were recorded in sampling areas. After establishing the DEM of the areas, aspect and slope maps were also produced using dfdx and dfdy filters in the Ilwis academic GIS program Package. Based on this investigation the following results were obtained: 20 polygons of wild species of Pistachio with total areas of 2216 ha were recognized in Markazi Province of Iran, The species-environment relationship was determined using maps integrating and data overlying.
Soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the main environmental problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vermicompost and bentonite modified with surfactant for cadmium availability in silt-loam soil. Experimental treatments included the application of 0.15 and 30 mg/ha of vermicompost, compost-contaminated soil in the amounts of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg Cd/kg soil and the application of surfactant modified bentonite clay in the amount of 0 and 30 g of soil. The plant used in this experiment was corn. After 60 days, Cd concentration in the corn was measured. The results of this study showed that the application of 30 g/kg of surfactant-modified clay and 30 t/ha of vermicompost had an effective role in reducing the amount absorbed by the soil, although the use of clay has been able to further reduce Cd that the plant absorbs. The overall results of this study indicate that in the long run, the decomposition of organic compounds may cause the re-entry of heavy metals into the soil. Still, the use of natural soil clays can help reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals on the plant.
One of the most important crops in the north of Iran is Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), Today, many of these plants are at risk of disappearing therefore having information about genetics can help in designing breeding programs. In this investigation, the genetic diversity of 23 tea plants from west of Mazandaran Province, one of the important regions of producing tea in Iran, and two Iranian cultivars were studied using 21 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits and 10 ISSR markers. In morphological analyses, eigenvalues of the first eight PCs were greater than one indicating that those eight PCs significantly contributed to the variation in the genotypes studied. According to the data, the samples’ similarity ranged from 0.121 to 0.543 with an average of 0.367. In cluster analyses, samples were placed in four groups at 0.28 of coefficient dissimilarity. In ISSR analyses polymorphism percent and PIC analysis ranged between 54.55-100 and 0.35-0.49 respectively. From these results, it can be seen that these primers can detect genetic differences very well. The similarity matrix showed range of similarity was from 0.344 to 0.920 with an average of 0.640. The 25 tea genotypes were grouped into four groups by UPGMA cluster analysis based on ISSR data. In a two?dimensional plot (2D plot) generated from PCoA that was generated based on ISSR data of studied samples, four groups were obtained. From the results of this study, two points can be concluded: (1) Morphological and ISSR markers are useful instruments for the Identification of differences between tea samples, and (2) There is high genetic diversity between tea plants due to the sexual reproduction of tea plants in the past in Iran.
This study was conducted to compare the forage quality of two native halophyte species Camphorosma monspeliaca and Limonium iranicum collected from Meighan saline rangelands near Arak city in central Iran. Edible biomass of both species was sampled on three phonological stages (vegetative growth, full flowering, and seed ripening). Forage quality indices such as Crude Protein (CP), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Metabolizable Energy (ME), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Phosphorus (P) were evaluated. The results showed significant differences (p<0.01) between species and phenological stages. L. iranicum had the highest CP (14.62%) in the vegetative stage while C. monspeliaca had the lowest CP (5.39%) in the flowering stage. C. monspeliaca also exhibited the highest Relative Feeding Value (RFV=135.9), which was significantly different from that of L. iranicum.In both species, the CP, DMD, and ME were decreased with progressing phonological stages while ADF and NDF, increased.
Entomopathogenic fungi, especially the genus Beauveria, are naturally the cause of disease and death in various insects. Molecular markers provide a valid method for studying the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of most living organisms, especially entomopathogenic fungi such as B. bassiana. Twelve isolates of Beauveria bassiana were prepared from the soil of 3 different climates of Iran (hot and humid, hot and dry, cold and dry). Grouping of B. bassiana isolates was performed using PCR-RFLP markers in rpb1 and rpb2 regions. To determine the genetic diversity of isolates after extraction of genomic DNA, the amplified DNA was cut with specific primers rpb1 and rpb2 using Hind III restriction enzyme and the pattern of polymorphic bands in agarose gels was 0 And 1 were drawn using MVSP software version 3.22. Trees obtained from rpb1 and rpb2 amplified fragments were plotted using the UPGMA clustering method using Simpson’s Coefficient. In clustering obtained from rpb1, except for Ahvaz isolates, all isolates in the hot and humid climate in the south of the country; Andimeshk, Poldakhtar, and Khorramabad, Yazd, and Kerman from Hot and dry climate were grouped. In this study, a pattern was not obtained under the geographical pattern, nevertheless, special results were obtained. For example, the isolates of Kerman and Yazd in both genes were placed next to each other and Boroujerd, Robatkarim, and Poldakhtar were placed in the same procedure.
One of the most important products in the northern region of Iran especially Guilan province is the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) and plays an important role in the region’s economy. Since today many tea plants in the region are being destroyed for various reasons, so having information about the genetics of those trees is helpful in designing breeding programs to reach appropriate plants for specific purposes and conservation of tea germplasm. RAPD markers, using 15 primers, were used to study the genetic relationships of 16 tea plant samples from west of Guilan province (Foman). In total, these 15 primers produced 135 scorable bands, 71.85 percent of which were polymorphic (97 bands) and 38 bands were shown monomorphic pattern (28.15 percent). The calculated PIC for all combinations was from 0.38 to 0.50 at an average of 0.49. Data analysis was performed by NTSYS software using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient to determine the amount of similarity and the dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA. Based on molecular data, the range of similarity between samples varied from 0.484 to 0.867. Samples were divided into three groups at a similarity level of 0.44. The second group (B) was divided into two subgroups at a similarity level of 0.50. Based on released data can be concluded that there is high variability between samples of tea. In general, the study of genetic diversity showed that the RAPD marker could be useful in identifying polymorphic regions and estimating genetic distances and germplasm management in tea plants.
ISSN: 2717-2244
BioAgrica is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances of peer-reviewed articles related to all aspects of Biology, and Agriculture.
The journal provides an immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research accessed freely online available to the public supports greater global exchange knowledge.
Considering the appropriate adaptability of different wild species of Pistachio in different arid and semi-arid environments of the country as well as its high values from the point of view of Resin and other chemical production, oil, and different pharmacological consumption of their seeds, finding their habitats in the different Provinces of Iran seems to be important. In this project, the basic information including topographic, soil, climate, geologic, and land use map of the area with a 1/50000 scale of the Markazi Province of Iran was first prepared and digitized. Then all the areas covered by wild Pistachio were visited, recorded, and digitized by GPS. To study the quality and quantity characteristics of the species, some samples were taken from 1600m2 in some important areas covered by wild Pistachio species according to different climatic conditions of the Province. The parameters, such as the number of trees in the samples, trees’ height, trees width, the time of flowering, the time of leaf appearance, the number of seeds, etc. were recorded in sampling areas. After establishing the DEM of the areas, aspect and slope maps were also produced using dfdx and dfdy filters in the Ilwis academic GIS program Package. Based on this investigation the following results were obtained: 20 polygons of wild species of Pistachio with total areas of 2216 ha were recognized in Markazi Province of Iran, The species-environment relationship was determined using maps integrating and data overlying.
Soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the main environmental problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vermicompost and bentonite modified with surfactant for cadmium availability in silt-loam soil. Experimental treatments included the application of 0.15 and 30 mg/ha of vermicompost, compost-contaminated soil in the amounts of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg Cd/kg soil and the application of surfactant modified bentonite clay in the amount of 0 and 30 g of soil. The plant used in this experiment was corn. After 60 days, Cd concentration in the corn was measured. The results of this study showed that the application of 30 g/kg of surfactant-modified clay and 30 t/ha of vermicompost had an effective role in reducing the amount absorbed by the soil, although the use of clay has been able to further reduce Cd that the plant absorbs. The overall results of this study indicate that in the long run, the decomposition of organic compounds may cause the re-entry of heavy metals into the soil. Still, the use of natural soil clays can help reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals on the plant.
One of the most important crops in the north of Iran is Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), Today, many of these plants are at risk of disappearing therefore having information about genetics can help in designing breeding programs. In this investigation, the genetic diversity of 23 tea plants from west of Mazandaran Province, one of the important regions of producing tea in Iran, and two Iranian cultivars were studied using 21 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits and 10 ISSR markers. In morphological analyses, eigenvalues of the first eight PCs were greater than one indicating that those eight PCs significantly contributed to the variation in the genotypes studied. According to the data, the samples’ similarity ranged from 0.121 to 0.543 with an average of 0.367. In cluster analyses, samples were placed in four groups at 0.28 of coefficient dissimilarity. In ISSR analyses polymorphism percent and PIC analysis ranged between 54.55-100 and 0.35-0.49 respectively. From these results, it can be seen that these primers can detect genetic differences very well. The similarity matrix showed range of similarity was from 0.344 to 0.920 with an average of 0.640. The 25 tea genotypes were grouped into four groups by UPGMA cluster analysis based on ISSR data. In a two?dimensional plot (2D plot) generated from PCoA that was generated based on ISSR data of studied samples, four groups were obtained. From the results of this study, two points can be concluded: (1) Morphological and ISSR markers are useful instruments for the Identification of differences between tea samples, and (2) There is high genetic diversity between tea plants due to the sexual reproduction of tea plants in the past in Iran.
This study was conducted to compare the forage quality of two native halophyte species Camphorosma monspeliaca and Limonium iranicum collected from Meighan saline rangelands near Arak city in central Iran. Edible biomass of both species was sampled on three phonological stages (vegetative growth, full flowering, and seed ripening). Forage quality indices such as Crude Protein (CP), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Metabolizable Energy (ME), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Phosphorus (P) were evaluated. The results showed significant differences (p<0.01) between species and phenological stages. L. iranicum had the highest CP (14.62%) in the vegetative stage while C. monspeliaca had the lowest CP (5.39%) in the flowering stage. C. monspeliaca also exhibited the highest Relative Feeding Value (RFV=135.9), which was significantly different from that of L. iranicum. In both species, the CP, DMD, and ME were decreased with progressing phonological stages while ADF and NDF, increased.
Entomopathogenic fungi, especially the genus Beauveria, are naturally the cause of disease and death in various insects. Molecular markers provide a valid method for studying the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of most living organisms, especially entomopathogenic fungi such as B. bassiana. Twelve isolates of Beauveria bassiana were prepared from the soil of 3 different climates of Iran (hot and humid, hot and dry, cold and dry). Grouping of B. bassiana isolates was performed using PCR-RFLP markers in rpb1 and rpb2 regions. To determine the genetic diversity of isolates after extraction of genomic DNA, the amplified DNA was cut with specific primers rpb1 and rpb2 using Hind III restriction enzyme and the pattern of polymorphic bands in agarose gels was 0 And 1 were drawn using MVSP software version 3.22. Trees obtained from rpb1 and rpb2 amplified fragments were plotted using the UPGMA clustering method using Simpson’s Coefficient. In clustering obtained from rpb1, except for Ahvaz isolates, all isolates in the hot and humid climate in the south of the country; Andimeshk, Poldakhtar, and Khorramabad, Yazd, and Kerman from Hot and dry climate were grouped. In this study, a pattern was not obtained under the geographical pattern, nevertheless, special results were obtained. For example, the isolates of Kerman and Yazd in both genes were placed next to each other and Boroujerd, Robatkarim, and Poldakhtar were placed in the same procedure.
One of the most important products in the northern region of Iran especially Guilan province is the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) and plays an important role in the region’s economy. Since today many tea plants in the region are being destroyed for various reasons, so having information about the genetics of those trees is helpful in designing breeding programs to reach appropriate plants for specific purposes and conservation of tea germplasm. RAPD markers, using 15 primers, were used to study the genetic relationships of 16 tea plant samples from west of Guilan province (Foman). In total, these 15 primers produced 135 scorable bands, 71.85 percent of which were polymorphic (97 bands) and 38 bands were shown monomorphic pattern (28.15 percent). The calculated PIC for all combinations was from 0.38 to 0.50 at an average of 0.49. Data analysis was performed by NTSYS software using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient to determine the amount of similarity and the dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA. Based on molecular data, the range of similarity between samples varied from 0.484 to 0.867. Samples were divided into three groups at a similarity level of 0.44. The second group (B) was divided into two subgroups at a similarity level of 0.50. Based on released data can be concluded that there is high variability between samples of tea. In general, the study of genetic diversity showed that the RAPD marker could be useful in identifying polymorphic regions and estimating genetic distances and germplasm management in tea plants.