Express Medical Letters is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication that publishes research from all medical disciplines, allowing clinicians and other academics to learn about advancements and breakthroughs inside these fields as well as beyond discipline borders.
ISSN: 2783-4123
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Submission to a final decision: Averagely 30 days
Publication regularity: Continuously (10 Days after acceptance)
For isolation and identification of viruses that cause respiratory complex in broiler flocks, samples were taken from 20 broiler flocks with respiratory disease in the west of Mazandaran province. Samples were taken with history recording such as general status, age of flock, and vaccination program, from the trachea, lungs, kidney, caecal tonsils, and in cases with nervous signs from the head. A 10 percent suspension of samples in BPS solution was prepared and inoculated to 10-day-old fertile SPF eggs via the allantoic route. And then hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) properties for Newcastle disease (ND) and subtype H9N2 of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses were considered. For identification of infection bronchitis virus, samples were passaged 3 to 4 times and the presence of the virus was confirmed by typical IBV embryo effects such as dwarfing, curling, or death. The viral RNA was extracted from the harvested allantoic fluid by using RNA purification kit (Roche Germany). A fragment of S1 segment was amplified by universal primers of IB virus in RT-PCR reaction and then Nested-PCR with specific primers for differentiation of Mass and 793/B serotype was conducted. Results revealed, that 11 samples were positive for IB virus, 3 samples were positive for ND virus and one sample was positive for AI+IB viruses’ simultaneous infection.
Background and Objectives: Today, to improve the compatibility and performance of restorative materials, new types of composites have been developed which are different from traditional composites, such as Flowable, Bulkfill and Nanofill composites. This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of Flowable Bulkfill composites and conventional composites in Class V cavities.
Materials and Methods:30 human molar teeth in 3 groups of Flowable Bulkfill composites from two companies of 3M and Tokuyama and Conventional composite from 3M, were prepared in standard class V cavities (dimensions 4 * 2 * 1.5 mm) in buccal surface of teeth with a gingival margin of 0.5mm lower than CEJ.
Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the use of all three composites in the two types of enamel and dentin margins (p <0.05). In all three types of composites dye penetration was the most frequent. Considering the degree of marginal adaptation, there was little difference between the amount of marginal adaptation by all the three types of composites (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the distribution of marginal adaptation in two types of Tokuyama Flow and 3M Conventional Z250 composites had similar conditions, while the 3M Flowable Bulkfill composite acted a little better than other two composites, but the difference was not statistically significant.
This research aimed to investigate the effect of native games on preschool children’s gross motor skills development. In the same way, 30 children who can be educated from the welfare organization centre of Sari city of Mazandaran with an average age of 12/8 ± 1/12 years and an IQ of 33/61 ± 7/81 are happy with the sample of the purposive method. All the children were pre-tested, and then the samples were randomly divided into two groups, the intervention group and the control group. In this research, in the parts related to gross motor skills of the motor proficiency test, the baronieses-osertetsi were native. The experimental group practised the use-local game during 32 training rounds, each round 50 to 60 and four days a week. After 32 rounds of practice from both groups, the post-test was completed. To determine the parameters of the research, the non-parametric tests of Wilsacto and Yeoman-Vitii (SPSS 16) were used. The statistical tests showed no significant difference in the post-test scores between the experimental and control groups (P?0/05). The obtained results show that the training program used in the current research effectively improves gross motor skills in trainable children.
According to the World Health Organization, ageing is a period of life that begins between 60 and 65. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of falling and anxiety, balance and functional mobility of female elderly and men. The study’s statistical population consisted of male and female elderly in the Sari sanatorium. They selected 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females), ranging in age from 65 to 75 years), and they were randomly assigned to groups. Data were collected using the personal information questionnaire, fall efficiency - international form questionnaire, and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. Elderly balance Also, their leaf motility was assessed using the leaf balance test and their stand-up mobility was assessed by the timing test. Another additional test called 30 seconds of getting up and sitting was measured. Data were analysed using regression analysis in SPSS16 software with a significance level of 0/05. The results show that there is a significant relationship between fear of falling and balance and anxiety in the elderly; but the connection between fear it does not make sense to fall with functional mobility; therefore, the fear of falling plays an essential role in balance and anxiety It has older men and women and should be considered in studies on the balance of the elderly.
This study aimed to determine the effect of central stability training and vitamin D on fitness indicators of young women with MS. For this purpose, 36 women with relapsing-remitting MS with the level of extended disability status (EDSS) less than or equal to 164, 6/57 year disease history kg; weight 11/4, 65/1; height 4/23, 164cm height; 6/57 + 32/72 years mean with three participated in the study voluntarily and randomly divided into four groups (including three groups of supplement, exercise and combination of exercise + supplement and group Controls) were divided. Before and after the test period, all subjects were tested for endometrial extensor muscle strength with a dynamometer, endurance, trunk flexor muscle with trunk retention test at 60 ° angle, flexibility with wells test, coordination with ball throw test Tennis, and balance participated in the Takpa standing test. Central stability exercises for eight weeks and three times a week Incremental) the first session, five seconds of movement with six repetitions until the last session, eight seconds of movement with ten repetitions (performed. The supplement was taken once every two weeks for 1,500 IU of vitamin D capsules. From the statistical test of analysis of covariance to evaluate information used. Findings show that exercise combined with vitamin D consumption improves strength compared to the control group (P = 0/001) balance and (P = 0/001) coordination, (P = 0/001) flexibility, muscular (P = 0/001) endurance and (P = 0/002) compared with vitamin D, it leads to improved muscle endurance (P = 0/001), flexibility (P = 0/001), coordination (P = 0/001) and Equilibrium (P = 0/001). Also, exercise without vitamin D improves improvement compared to the vitamin D group. Muscular endurance (P = 0/015) and in comparison with the control group improved endurance (P = 0/002) coordination (P = 0/031) and The equilibrium is (P = 0/001). Still, consumption of vitamin D alone did not have a positive and significant effect on research variables (P <0.05). According to the research results, it can be said that the order of priority is an exercise with vitamin D and then exercise the effect. It has a good effect on improving physical fitness indicators.
The causative agent of neosporosis is a protozoan called Neospora caninum, a branch of the epicomplex. This Parasite can infect various species of domestic and wild animals. It is found in dogs, cattle, sheep, and goats in nature. It is noteworthy, however, that dogs are known to be the ultimate host of this protozoan, and other warm-blooded animals are the intermediate and random hosts of the Parasite, which become infected by eating oocytes excreted in dog feces. Therefore, considering the critical role of this Parasite in abortion and the significant damages caused by it, this study aimed to investigate the serological prevalence of Neospora caninum in healthy dairy cows and aborted in Aq Qala in Golestan province. In this study, 90 dairy cows from semi-industrial farms in Aq Qala and its suburbs were sampled in the winter of 2021. The sampling of the study population was blood sampling from the tail vein. The samples were stored at -20 ° C until testing. During sampling, the animal’s characteristics, such as calving belly (in three categories of several calves less than two bellies, between two to five bellies and more than five bellies), will be recorded. The ELISA method performed a serological examination of infection caused by Neospora caninum. The results were analyzed in three groups using the chi-square method using SPSS software version 20. The results obtained in the present study indicated that 45.6% of the samples were infected with Neospora caninum. Also, the frequency of repeat breeder was 44.4%, abortion was 38.9%, and healthy was 16.7%.
It was also found that there is a substantial difference between the factors of repeat breeder, abortion and healthy, in positive and negative samples (p <0.05) and the number of positive samples between cows with a history of abortion and repeat breeder more than Cows are healthy. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the repeat breeder, abortion and healthy samples (p <0.05). Therefore, due to the high prevalence of Neospora caninum infection in Aq Qala city of Golestan province, the use of health instructions to control this complication should be considered.
Express Medical Letters is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication that publishes research from all medical disciplines, allowing clinicians and other academics to learn about advancements and breakthroughs inside these fields as well as beyond discipline borders.
ISSN: 2783-4123
Journal metrics
Publication fee: Free of charge
OPEN ACCESS
For isolation and identification of viruses that cause respiratory complex in broiler flocks, samples were taken from 20 broiler flocks with respiratory disease in the west of Mazandaran province. Samples were taken with history recording such as general status, age of flock, and vaccination program, from the trachea, lungs, kidney, caecal tonsils, and in cases with nervous signs from the head. A 10 percent suspension of samples in BPS solution was prepared and inoculated to 10-day-old fertile SPF eggs via the allantoic route. And then hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) properties for Newcastle disease (ND) and subtype H9N2 of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses were considered. For identification of infection bronchitis virus, samples were passaged 3 to 4 times and the presence of the virus was confirmed by typical IBV embryo effects such as dwarfing, curling, or death. The viral RNA was extracted from the harvested allantoic fluid by using RNA purification kit (Roche Germany). A fragment of S1 segment was amplified by universal primers of IB virus in RT-PCR reaction and then Nested-PCR with specific primers for differentiation of Mass and 793/B serotype was conducted. Results revealed, that 11 samples were positive for IB virus, 3 samples were positive for ND virus and one sample was positive for AI+IB viruses’ simultaneous infection.
Background and Objectives: Today, to improve the compatibility and performance of restorative materials, new types of composites have been developed which are different from traditional composites, such as Flowable, Bulkfill and Nanofill composites. This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of Flowable Bulkfill composites and conventional composites in Class V cavities.
Materials and Methods:30 human molar teeth in 3 groups of Flowable Bulkfill composites from two companies of 3M and Tokuyama and Conventional composite from 3M, were prepared in standard class V cavities (dimensions 4 * 2 * 1.5 mm) in buccal surface of teeth with a gingival margin of 0.5mm lower than CEJ.
Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the use of all three composites in the two types of enamel and dentin margins (p <0.05). In all three types of composites dye penetration was the most frequent. Considering the degree of marginal adaptation, there was little difference between the amount of marginal adaptation by all the three types of composites (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the distribution of marginal adaptation in two types of Tokuyama Flow and 3M Conventional Z250 composites had similar conditions, while the 3M Flowable Bulkfill composite acted a little better than other two composites, but the difference was not statistically significant.
This research aimed to investigate the effect of native games on preschool children’s gross motor skills development. In the same way, 30 children who can be educated from the welfare organization centre of Sari city of Mazandaran with an average age of 12/8 ± 1/12 years and an IQ of 33/61 ± 7/81 are happy with the sample of the purposive method. All the children were pre-tested, and then the samples were randomly divided into two groups, the intervention group and the control group. In this research, in the parts related to gross motor skills of the motor proficiency test, the baronieses-osertetsi were native. The experimental group practised the use-local game during 32 training rounds, each round 50 to 60 and four days a week. After 32 rounds of practice from both groups, the post-test was completed. To determine the parameters of the research, the non-parametric tests of Wilsacto and Yeoman-Vitii (SPSS 16) were used. The statistical tests showed no significant difference in the post-test scores between the experimental and control groups (P?0/05). The obtained results show that the training program used in the current research effectively improves gross motor skills in trainable children.
According to the World Health Organization, ageing is a period of life that begins between 60 and 65. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of falling and anxiety, balance and functional mobility of female elderly and men. The study’s statistical population consisted of male and female elderly in the Sari sanatorium. They selected 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females), ranging in age from 65 to 75 years), and they were randomly assigned to groups. Data were collected using the personal information questionnaire, fall efficiency - international form questionnaire, and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. Elderly balance Also, their leaf motility was assessed using the leaf balance test and their stand-up mobility was assessed by the timing test. Another additional test called 30 seconds of getting up and sitting was measured. Data were analysed using regression analysis in SPSS16 software with a significance level of 0/05. The results show that there is a significant relationship between fear of falling and balance and anxiety in the elderly; but the connection between fear it does not make sense to fall with functional mobility; therefore, the fear of falling plays an essential role in balance and anxiety It has older men and women and should be considered in studies on the balance of the elderly.
This study aimed to determine the effect of central stability training and vitamin D on fitness indicators of young women with MS. For this purpose, 36 women with relapsing-remitting MS with the level of extended disability status (EDSS) less than or equal to 164, 6/57 year disease history kg; weight 11/4, 65/1; height 4/23, 164cm height; 6/57 + 32/72 years mean with three participated in the study voluntarily and randomly divided into four groups (including three groups of supplement, exercise and combination of exercise + supplement and group Controls) were divided. Before and after the test period, all subjects were tested for endometrial extensor muscle strength with a dynamometer, endurance, trunk flexor muscle with trunk retention test at 60 ° angle, flexibility with wells test, coordination with ball throw test Tennis, and balance participated in the Takpa standing test. Central stability exercises for eight weeks and three times a week Incremental) the first session, five seconds of movement with six repetitions until the last session, eight seconds of movement with ten repetitions (performed. The supplement was taken once every two weeks for 1,500 IU of vitamin D capsules. From the statistical test of analysis of covariance to evaluate information used. Findings show that exercise combined with vitamin D consumption improves strength compared to the control group (P = 0/001) balance and (P = 0/001) coordination, (P = 0/001) flexibility, muscular (P = 0/001) endurance and (P = 0/002) compared with vitamin D, it leads to improved muscle endurance (P = 0/001), flexibility (P = 0/001), coordination (P = 0/001) and Equilibrium (P = 0/001). Also, exercise without vitamin D improves improvement compared to the vitamin D group. Muscular endurance (P = 0/015) and in comparison with the control group improved endurance (P = 0/002) coordination (P = 0/031) and The equilibrium is (P = 0/001). Still, consumption of vitamin D alone did not have a positive and significant effect on research variables (P <0.05). According to the research results, it can be said that the order of priority is an exercise with vitamin D and then exercise the effect. It has a good effect on improving physical fitness indicators.
The causative agent of neosporosis is a protozoan called Neospora caninum, a branch of the epicomplex. This Parasite can infect various species of domestic and wild animals. It is found in dogs, cattle, sheep, and goats in nature. It is noteworthy, however, that dogs are known to be the ultimate host of this protozoan, and other warm-blooded animals are the intermediate and random hosts of the Parasite, which become infected by eating oocytes excreted in dog feces. Therefore, considering the critical role of this Parasite in abortion and the significant damages caused by it, this study aimed to investigate the serological prevalence of Neospora caninum in healthy dairy cows and aborted in Aq Qala in Golestan province. In this study, 90 dairy cows from semi-industrial farms in Aq Qala and its suburbs were sampled in the winter of 2021. The sampling of the study population was blood sampling from the tail vein. The samples were stored at -20 ° C until testing. During sampling, the animal’s characteristics, such as calving belly (in three categories of several calves less than two bellies, between two to five bellies and more than five bellies), will be recorded. The ELISA method performed a serological examination of infection caused by Neospora caninum. The results were analyzed in three groups using the chi-square method using SPSS software version 20. The results obtained in the present study indicated that 45.6% of the samples were infected with Neospora caninum. Also, the frequency of repeat breeder was 44.4%, abortion was 38.9%, and healthy was 16.7%.
It was also found that there is a substantial difference between the factors of repeat breeder, abortion and healthy, in positive and negative samples (p <0.05) and the number of positive samples between cows with a history of abortion and repeat breeder more than Cows are healthy. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the repeat breeder, abortion and healthy samples (p <0.05). Therefore, due to the high prevalence of Neospora caninum infection in Aq Qala city of Golestan province, the use of health instructions to control this complication should be considered.